Quercus trojana
| Macedonian oak | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fagales |
| Family: | Fagaceae |
| Genus: | Quercus |
| Subgenus: | Quercus subg. Cerris |
| Section: | Quercus sect. Cerris |
| Species: | Q. trojana
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| Binomial name | |
| Quercus trojana | |
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| Distribution map | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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List
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Quercus trojana, the Macedonian oak, is a species of plant in the oak and beech family (Fagaceae). It is native to southeast Europe and southwest Asia, and is placed in the turkey oak section (Quercus sect. Cerris).
Description
[edit]Quercus trojana is a small to medium-sized tree reaching 10–20 metres (33–66 feet) tall. It is late deciduous to semi-evergreen, with glossy green to grey-green leaves 3–10 centimetres (1+1⁄4–4 inches) long and 1.5–4 cm broad, coarsely serrated at the margins and with sharply pointed teeth. The acorns are 2–4 cm long when mature (about 18 months after pollination) with a scaly acorn cup.[3][4]
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Mature tree -
Ripe Acorn -
Shoot with leaves -
Leaf -
Shoot with leaves and buds -
Bark
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Taxonomy
[edit]Quercus trojana was first described by P.B. Webb from the Troad, in 1839. Three well-differentiated subspecies are known, two of which are highly endemic.[5]
- Quercus trojana subsp. trojana.
- Quercus trojana subsp. euboica (Papaioannou) K.I.Chr: Native to Euboea. Possibly a distinct species, in this case Quercus euboica.[6]
- Quercus trojana subsp. yaltirikii Ziel., Petrova & D.Tomasz: Endemic to southern Anatolia.[7]
It is closely related to Quercus libani and, less closely, to other Cerris oaks, such as Quercus cerris, Quercus castaneifolia and Quercus ithaburensis.[6][8]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]The species is distributed from southern Italy east across the southern Balkans (Croatia, Albania, Serbia, North Macedonia and Greece) to western Turkey.[9][10] Its range is disjunct, with its two main centres in the western Balkans and northwest Anatolia. It grows at low to moderate altitudes (up to 1,550 metres or 5,090 feet in the south of the range in southwestern Turkey), and prefers warm, dry localities.[4][7]
Fossil record
[edit]Fossils of Quercus trojana have been described from the fossil flora of Kızılcahamam district in Turkey, which is of early Pliocene age.[11]
Cultivation
[edit]It is grown as an ornamental tree in Britain, Belgium, Spain, and elsewhere, and has proved very tolerant of both drought and winter cold.[4] A semi-fastigiate cultivar 'Iturraran Trinkoa' has been selected at the Iturraran Botanical Garden in the Basque region of Spain.[4]
References
[edit]- ^ "Quercus trojana Webb". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden.
- ^ "Quercus trojana Webb". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew – via The Plant List. Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online
- ^ Webb, Philip Barker 1839.
- ^ a b c d Coombes, Allen; Cameron, Roderick. "Quercus trojana Webb". Trees and Shrubs Online. International Dendrology Society. Retrieved 2024-08-23.
- ^ "Quercus trojana Webb | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2025-04-09.
- ^ a b Simeone, Marco Cosimo; Cardoni, Simone; Piredda, Roberta; Imperatori, Francesca; Avishai, Michael; Grimm, Guido W.; Denk, Thomas (2018-10-17). "Comparative systematics and phylogeography of Quercus Section Cerris in western Eurasia: inferences from plastid and nuclear DNA variation". PeerJ. 6: e5793. doi:10.7717/peerj.5793. ISSN 2167-8359.
- ^ a b Jerzy Zieliński, Ana Petrova and Dominik Tomaszewski 2006. Quercus trojana subsp. yaltirikii (Fagaceae), a New Subspecies from Southern Turkey. Willdenowia 36:845-849
- ^ Hipp, Andrew L.; Manos, Paul S.; Hahn, Marlene; Avishai, Michael; Bodénès, Cathérine; Cavender-Bares, Jeannine; Crowl, Andrew A.; Deng, Min; Denk, Thomas; Fitz-Gibbon, Sorel; Gailing, Oliver; González-Elizondo, M. Socorro; González-Rodríguez, Antonio; Grimm, Guido W.; Jiang, Xiao-Long (2020). "Genomic landscape of the global oak phylogeny". New Phytologist. 226 (4): 1198–1212. doi:10.1111/nph.16162. ISSN 1469-8137.
- ^ Christensen, Knud Ib. 1997. Flora Hellenica 1: 45
- ^ Altervista Flora Italiana, Quercus trojana Webb
- ^ Kasaplıgil, Baki (1977). "Ankara, Kızılcahamam yakınındaki Güvem köyü civarında bulunan son tersiyer kozalaklı-yeşil yapraklı ormanı" [A Late-Tertiary Conifer-Hardwood Forest From the Vicinity of Güvem Village, Near Kızılcahamam, Ankara] (PDF). Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration (in Turkish and English). 88. Ankara: General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration: 94-102.
External links
[edit]- Quercus trojana - information, genetic conservation units and related resources. European Forest Genetic Resources Programme (EUFORGEN)